Unit 2 : Political Environment
It refers to the influence from government institutions, strategies of political parties, policies of state and local government and relationship between government and business. Mangers must know about political environment because:IT imposes certain legal constraint on the business.
· # It establishes a market atmosphere that maybe pro-business or anti-business.
· # It has the potential to provide stability needed for long-term planning.
Components of political environment
1. Political Ideologies: They refer to the set of ideas ‚ principles and philosophy which are concerned with allocation of power and offer political and cultural outlook. The major political ideologies are democratic and totalitarian.
2. Constitution :
1. It is a fundamental guideline or law under with nation functions. It affects the development of business in the country directly. Nepal is being ruled by the new constitution 2072 after promulgated on 3rd of Aswin 2072 (20th September 2015).
i. The political objective of the state is to establish federal democratic republican system to ensure the use of democratic rights by keeping sovereignty‚ independence and integrity at the highest level.
a
iv. The international relations of the state are directed towards enhancing the dignity of the nation in the international arena.
i. 7 states in Nepal (Name to be given later with the help of special committee)
x. Five unchangeable provisions.
1. Political Parties: Political parties are the building blocks of democratic system. They act as representatives of people and address their problems. Through legislation‚ they attempt to form government and rule the nation according to their ideology and policies.
i. Nepal Congress
- Democratic : The political ideology under which the nation is governed by the people representatives. The power lies in the hand of people. There is always the freedom to speak, political rights, civil liberties. Besides there is the existence of multiparty and private sector has greater role in national economy
- Totalitarian:Totalitarian is an ideology under which total power is vested in a single person, or a group or a government. Totalitarianism aims at regulating all aspects of public and private life. Freedom, political rights and civil liberties are restricted. Only one party system exists.
2. Constitution :
1. It is a fundamental guideline or law under with nation functions. It affects the development of business in the country directly. Nepal is being ruled by the new constitution 2072 after promulgated on 3rd of Aswin 2072 (20th September 2015).
i. The political objective of the state is to establish federal democratic republican system to ensure the use of democratic rights by keeping sovereignty‚ independence and integrity at the highest level.
a
iv. The international relations of the state are directed towards enhancing the dignity of the nation in the international arena.
i. 7 states in Nepal (Name to be given later with the help of special committee)
x. Five unchangeable provisions.
1. Political Parties: Political parties are the building blocks of democratic system. They act as representatives of people and address their problems. Through legislation‚ they attempt to form government and rule the nation according to their ideology and policies.
i. Nepal Congress
4. Government and Its Branches:
a. Legislative: Legislative is formed by the representative of people. It is also called parliament. Its main responsibility is formulation and enactment of law.
i. i. Federal Legislature: It is the legislature at the central level. It consists of the houses‚ namely the House of Representatives and the National Assembly. The House of Representative consists of 275 members. National assembly consists of 45 members and is a permanent house. One third of members retire in every two years.
iii. Local Legislature: The legislative rights at local levels are entrusted to village council (Gaon Palika) and municipal council. They can make laws according to state laws.
b. Executive: It refers to the organ of the state that is responsible for the overall administration of the nation. It is composed of the government and its organs as bureaucracy‚ army‚ police etc.
i. Federal Government: It is the central government. The form of governance will be multiparty competitive federal democratic republican parliamentary system based on pluralism. The Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister has the executive power of Nepal. It is responsible for issuing general directives ‚controlling and regulating the administration.
According to new constitution‚ the judiciary of Nepal is divided into four levels:
i. Supreme Court: Supreme Court is an apex court in judicial hierarchy. It may inspect‚ supervise and give directives to its subordinates courts and other judicial institutions.
ii. High Court: There shall be one High court in each state.
iii. District Court: There shall be one district court in each district. It has jurisdiction over local level cases.
iv. Specialized courts: They are established for the purpose of hearing special types of cases. They may be judicial bodies or tribunals.
Other constitutional bodies in Nepal according to new constitution 2072 are:
i. The commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority.
ii. Office of the Auditor General
iii. Federal Public Service Commission.
iv. Election Commission.
v. National Human Rights commission
vi. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission.
vii. National Women Commission.
viii. National Dalit Commission.
ix. National Inclusive Commission.
Business Government Relationship:
Government and business institutions in a country in many ways are interrelated and interdependent on each other. In today’s global economy, its businessmen and entrepreneurs are the driving forces of the economy. In planned economy or even in market economy government holds control of shaping the business activities of a country.For maintaining a steady and upward economic growth The Government must try to make the environment for business organizations suitable. And the organizations must follow the laws of governments’ to run the businesses smoothly and making sure there is a level playing field. The main goal of businesses is to make profit and governments’ goal is to ensure
economic stability and growth. Both of them are different but very co-dependent. For this the government and organizations or businesses always tries to influence and persuade each other in many ways for various matters. A balanced relationship between the government and businesses is required for the welfare of the economy and the nation.
Furthermore‚ the relation between government and business can be explained by the following points.
1. Role of government towards business sectors/Government relation with business : The role of the government towards business can be viewed in three
categories:
a. As a business promoter
b. As a business regulator
c. As a business caretaker
a. Promoter : Government promotes business in following ways:
i. Infrastructure and manpower development: Government provides the facilities like transportation‚ information technology‚ communication,
water supplies‚ waste disposal‚ civic amenities facilities‚ etc. Besides‚the government also conducts different educational and training program for the development of technical and professional manpower in nation. These activities facilitate business development.
ii. Public enterprise: Government establishes different trading and
manufacturing organization to deal in essential goods and services. They play and entrepreneurial role in setting up industries.
iii. Source of information: Since‚ the government is the largest
organization in a country‚ it has abundant information which can be used in business. Thus‚ government acts as a source for information and provides to the business.
iv. Financial Assistance: Government provides low cost finance through its financial institutions like Nepal Rasta Bank‚ Provident fund‚Citizen Investment fund‚ Agriculture development bank etc. for industries.
v. Incentives and subsidies: Government facilitates business by providing subsidies to the growing and sick industries. It also provides incentives to the business producing essential goods and services to maintain low cost to the people.
b. Regulator: As a regulator government formulates different rules and regulation to operate the business smoothly. Businesses much comply with such regulation. The different business related regulations in Nepal are: Private Firm Registration Act‚ Trade union Act‚ Company Act‚ Labour Act‚ Food Act‚Foreign Exchange Regulation etc. Besides ‚there are different policies such as Monetary Policies‚ Fiscal Policy‚ Trade Policy‚ Industrial Policy‚ etc government enacted for the development of business.
c. Caretaker: As a caretaker government provides protection from the political risk factors such as: extortion‚ band‚ unrest etc. Apart from that‚ it formulates and implements strict rules and regulation to protect intellectual property rights.
2. Role of business towards the government/ Business relation with government:
Business plays vital role to support the government. They are as follow:
a. Payment of taxes: Taxes are the major revenue to the government.Business organizations pay various taxes to national and local government. Besides‚ businesses also assist government in collection of taxes by deduction tax at source on salary and other payment.
b. Rendering of advice: Business organizations work side by side with the government to help in formulation of different effective business plans and policies to develop sound economic condition of the nation.
c. Source of information: Business organization provides valuable information regarding the current business trend and problems‚ which is helpful in better decision making by the government.
d. Execution of contracts: Businesses help government to execute its different developmental projects and programs. It also renders supplies and materials for the better functioning of the government.
#Nepalese Political Environment: Issues and Problems
Business and politics are interrelated with each other. Any changes in political dynamics can hit the business hardly. The recent blockade and Terai strike has created colossal damage to the business sector in Nepal. So we must assess the political change and its impact in business effectively to
ensure the future success.
The issues of political environment in Nepal can be explained as follows:
a. Political Instability: Political instability is the frequent change of government. The change in government creates change in policy which adversely affects the development of business sectors. In
Nepal there are altogether 22 government in 2 5 years. This leads to weak government control and ineffective implementation of law. Forced donation‚ kidnapping ‚threatening are common because of
in stable government.
b. Lack of broader vision on political parties: The main stream political parties suffer from the lack of broader vision‚ policy and programs which are essential for good governance‚ political stability and
economic development. This creates low confidence level to the private sectors.
c. Poor understanding among the political parties: Lack of trust and egos between political parties causes poor understanding between them. They are unable to build consensus even in national issues.
This adversely impacts the long-term growth of business sector in Nepal.
d. Lack of democratic thoughts: Most of the main stream parties found very weak in developing democratic norms‚ values‚ belief within them. This limits the concept of sovereignty to people only in papers.Such behaviors negatively affect the business industry functions.
e. Lack of good governance: Good governance is being accountable‚transparent‚ responsive‚ inclusive in making and implementing decision. However‚ according to Amnesty international in 2014 Nepal rank 126th out of 174 countries in the world in governance. This data show how weak our government is in policy formulation and its implementation.
f. Labour force as political force: Most of the labour unions are politically oriented‚ multiplicity and outside leadership. The psychological distance between the management ‚labour and government is very wide. The government has not been able to play regulatory ‚ adjudicatory and developmental roles as effectively as expected.
g. Employers’ Association: The employers’ associations in Nepal are found to be influenced by politics. They are unable to create good relation between labors and government. They are focused only on short-run profit and pressurize the government to formulate the laws which benefits them a lot in their standing.
"Push yourself no one else is going to do it for you".
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Click here for commentsSir bbs frist year 2019 new batch wala ko note xain tw
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